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8.11.1 Infrastructure <br /> A wide range of infrastructure improvements may be required to implement different water <br /> efficiency efforts by either the City or by its customers. While not described here, these may <br /> include replacement of leaking water mains and service lines, incentives for replacement of <br /> inefficient water fixtures, and efficiency improvements to industrial processes. <br /> 8.11.2 Operations <br /> Not applicable <br /> 8.11.3 Other Benefits <br /> Long-term affordability benefits <br /> 8.11.4 Risks <br /> Reduced water use will result in reduced revenue based on volumetric rates. Additional con- <br /> servation should be considered in future rate studies to establish rates that both incentivize <br /> conservation and ensure that the fixed and variable costs of operating the utility are adequately <br /> covered as efficiency increases. <br /> 8.11.5 Costs <br /> The costs to implement water efficiency improvements are variable. Depending on the type of <br /> improvement, the costs may be borne by the City, industrial or other customers, or shared. <br /> 8.11.6 Implementation <br /> The City's leak detection and repair program to address aging distribution infrastructure is <br /> ongoing. Gradual improvements in household water efficiency will continue as old fixtures <br /> fail and are replaced by homeowners with newer, more efficient fixtures. Acceleration of this <br /> process would require an outreach program and possible incentives for fixture replacement. <br /> Improvements to industrial customer water efficiency would require close coordination between <br /> the City and industrial customers and may require negotiation of appropriate incentives. <br /> 120 <br />