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r <br /> sus <br /> COLD WEATHER EARTHWORK <br /> ' In the event this project is constructed after the onset of winter, cold weather earthwork <br /> recommendations are included. Cold weather earthwork techniques may not be necessary or <br /> appropriate if the project is delayed until warmer weather. <br /> Ideally, routine earthwork should be avoided during inclement weather. However, the following <br /> special precautions may be used to reduce problems due to frozen soil: <br /> t <br /> ' 1. Only areas which can be backfilled in a single day should be excavated. <br /> 2. Backfilling operations should begin immediately upon completion of pipe placement. <br /> t 3. Imported fill and equipment should be stockpiled and on hand during construction, to <br /> avoid delays which could result in frozen soils and ice in excavations and backfill. Frost <br /> ' should be expected to develop overnight in larger areas that cannot be filled during the <br /> day. By leaving a layer of loose fill or insulating blankets on top of the soil overnight, the <br /> depth of frost penetration into the compacted fill can be minimized. Any loose or frozen <br /> soil should then be completely removed prior to additional earthwork. Frozen soils or <br /> ' soils containing ice or snow should never be used as fill material. <br /> 4. Backfilling operations performed during cold weather should be observed by a <br /> ' geotechnical engineer, or a knowledgeable member of the design team. Clean sand and <br /> gravel (the least frost-susceptible of soils) should be used as fill whenever possible. Silty <br /> ' and clayey soils are more frost-susceptible. If they freeze, more problems can be <br /> expected due to heaving and thaw-weakening of the soils. Alternately, flowabie fill of a <br /> ' low strength (100± psi) cement, fly ash, and sand mixture, available from local concrete <br /> suppliers, can be used for backfill. <br /> Geotechnical Exploration for Sanitary Pipeline <br /> ' New Vulcan Waterline Pipeline, Decatur, Macon County, Illinois <br /> SKS Project No. 12-418885 Page 10 <br />